Jurnal Teknokes

Design and Implementation of a Microcontroller-Controlled Electrosurgical Unit for Precise Power Selection in Various Modes: Cutting, Coagulation, and Blending

Hasanuddin Abdillah — 2024-06-30

Electrosurgical Unit is a tool that is used to replace conventional scalpel blades that cause a lot of bleeding in patients with a device that utilizes high frequency to eliminate faradic effects on body tissues where the high frequency will be adjusted to the duty cycle which aims to get various types of surgery needed by doctors. Electrosurgical Units can also be used for coagulation which means some surgeries not only require surgery but also cover some tissues to reduce or reduce blood loss in the patient. The high frequency results which are regulated by the duty cycle, will then be centered at one point on an object. In this study, the researchers took advantage of the type of heat effect produced by high frequency, which is concentrated at one point so that it can be used to perform surgical processes (cutting) and coagulation (clotting) of body tissues thereby minimizing the occurrence of large blood loss. The researcher utilized the 400 kHz high frequency generated by the oscillator circuit and then set it with a control program on the Arduino of 100% on and 0% off for cutting, 50% on and 50% off for blending 1, 40% on and 60% off for blending. 2, and 25% on and 75% off for blend 3. The module design consists of a 400 kHz frequency generator, a pulse control circuit to adjust the duty cycle, a power control circuit as a power setting, a driver circuit to combine the frequency with the tuned power so that the output different is obtained according to the settings, the inverter circuit to increase the voltage.

Comparing Temperature and Humidity Control Using PID and Fuzzy Logic in a Climatic Chamber

Affan Kurnia Putra — 2024-06-30

The presence of a thermohygrometer is important in some places, especially in hospitals and climate room equipment. A climate chamber is an enclosed space or isolated environment, which will provide the environmental conditions of relative humidity and temperature. In accordance with the Decree of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. Certain rooms such as rooms in hospitals require special attention to environmental conditions, such as the surgical process that occurs in the operating room. A thermohygrometer is a tool used to monitor room conditions. The thermoygrometer used must be able to trace the measurement results using certain media. A climate chamber is a device that provides the desired climate regardless of the external environment. The purpose of this study was to analyze the comparison of PID and Fuzzy Logic temperature control systems on the Climatic Chamber (Fuzzy Logic System) device which plays a role in the process of measuring room temperature and humidity in the field. The method used in this study was to compare directly with a previously calibrated thermohygrometer. The measurement results at 25°C have a response time of 7 minutes 30 seconds and an overshoot of 0.1°C, at a temperature of 30°C has a response time of 5 minutes 15 seconds and an overshoot of 0.1°C, at a temperature of 35°C has a response time of 5 minutes 30 seconds and 0.2°C overshoot. At 50%RH Humidity has a response time of 13 minutes 30 seconds, at 60%RH Humidity has a 12 minute response time, At 70%RH Humidity has a 6 minute response time. The measurement results show that fuzzy logic control has more advantages than PID control. Fuzzy logic control has a faster response time to setpoint than PID control and fuzzy logic control has smaller overshoot compared to PID control.

Development of a Low-Cost and Portable Device for Monitoring Heart Rate, Blood Oxygen Saturation, and Body Temperature in Infants Incubator

Citra Nur Astrif — 2024-06-30

The risk of newborn infant mortality is commonly associated with hypothermia. Hypothermia is a health disorder and a leading cause of death in newborns, caused by an imbalance in the baby's body temperature. Hypothermia occurs due to a decrease in body temperature resulting from various conditions, especially high oxygen requirements and a decrease in room temperature. The purpose of this study is to monitor the health status of newborns. Monitoring the body temperature and oxygen saturation levels in newborns can help detect abnormalities in infants at an early stage. Oxygen saturation is considered a vital sign that is important in supplying oxygen to the body. This research is expected to assist patients using a baby cuve in providing care for newborns with hypothermia symptoms. The Baby Cuve utilizes the DS18B20 sensor for temperature measurement and the MAX3102 sensor for heart rate and oxygen saturation. The data is then processed using the ESP32 microcontroller, and the results are displayed on an LCD screen. The comparative tools used in this study are the standard thermometer and pulse oximeter. The results of this research indicate that the smallest measurement error value is found in the Spmeasurement of respondent 10, which is 0.1%. The largest measurement error value is found in the Spmeasurement of respondent 2, which is 5.6% based on the obtained data. However, the measurement results are still within the tolerance limit of ±10%.

Integrated Digital Sphygmomanometer for Simultaneous Blood Pressure and Body Temperature Monitoring

Farahun Nisa Aulia — 2024-06-30

Hypertension is a condition when the blood pressure against the artery walls is too high. High blood pressure can occur because of the patient's temperature, because the higher the patient's body temperature the higher the blood pressure. Therefore, body temperature must be detected before measuring blood pressure in patients. These Digital Tension and Body Temperature parameters are usually still used separately. Because of that, we had the idea to make these two parameters into one unit to facilitate health monitoring. The design of this tool uses the MPX5050GP sensor as a blood pressure detector, the MLX90614 sensor as a body temperature detector and the two sensors are connected directly to the Arduino UNO microcontroller to be processed and later displayed on the Nextion LCD later. The measurement results with the MPX5050GP and MLX9061 showed that the largest systolic error was 2.23% and the smallest was 0.53%. The biggest diastole error was 4.69% and the smallest was 1.79%. The biggest body temperature error is 1.65% and the smallest is 0.45%.

Wireless Blood Pressure Monitor with Android Integration: Tracking Systolic and Diastolic Parameters

Elisa Ayu Sintiyah — 2024-06-30

Blood pressure measurement plays a crucial role in detecting underlying diseases in the human body. It enables the identification of conditions like heart failure, kidney failure, liver damage, and stroke, underscoring the importance of regular measurements. To facilitate independent and routine blood pressure monitoring, the development of an automatic blood pressure measuring device is essential. This research aims to design and fabricate a digital sphygmomanometer that can transmit measurements to a smartphone through the Blynk application. The blood pressure measurement is conducted using the MPX5050GP pressure sensor as the pressure detector. The device is programmed using the Esp32 microcontroller and incorporates an LCD screen to display the measurement results. The study involved measuring six participants, with each individual's blood pressure recorded ten times. The obtained measurements were then compared to those of the Omron HEM-7120 digital sphygmomanometer. The results revealed a discrepancy of ±9 mmHg in systolic values and ±7 mmHg in diastolic values between the two devices. The smallest systolic error observed was 0.4%, while the largest error reached 3%. Similarly, the smallest diastolic error was 2%, with the largest error recorded at 4.8%. The measurement errors, particularly in diastolic pressure, were influenced by the participants' fatigue, as the repeated measurements on the same arm led to slight arm movements during the process. The study demonstrated the successful transmission of measurement results to a smartphone, affirming the efficacy of the Blynk application. Additionally, the MPX5050GP sensor proved effective in detecting blood pressure. These findings highlight the potential of the developed digital sphygmomanometer as a reliable tool for blood pressure monitoring, promoting self-care and early detection of health issues.

Development of a High Flow Oxygen Analyzer for Monitoring Oxygen Therapy in Adults Using High Flow Nasal Cannula (HFNC)

Fawaida Silvian — 2024-06-30

Oxygen is a necessity of life that is very rarely owned even though it has a very high value for humans. Our respiratory system directly takes oxygen intake from the surrounding air either or not consciously. Oxygen therapy is a method of administering oxygen at a higher concentration than ambient oxygen, with the treatment or prevention of symptoms and the appearance of hypoxia. The oxygen concentration to be administered to a person is determined by the flow titration required for sufficient SPO2. The accuracy of the oxygen flow delivery system to the patient is very high, so it is necessary to calibrate to determine the correctness of the indication of measuring instruments and measuring instruments stated. This study uses an Arduino microcontroller to process the oxygen concentration output from the OOA101-1 oxygen concentration sensor, then the processed oxygen concentration will be displayed on the TFT LCD. The variable in this study is the oxygen concentration setting value, while the independent variable is the OOA101-1 oxygen concentration sensor. The concentration value is set using an oxygen blender, while the comparison tool used is a gas flow analysis (Citrex H3). At the testing stage, the measurement value is 50% to 100% with a time of 1 minute at each point. Based on the measurements that have been made, the largest error value is obtained at a concentration of 50%, which is 3.07% and the smallest error value is at 100%, which is 0.40%. Data retrieval using a compressor and central oxygen is very influential on the results of the flow and oxygen concentration. The results obtained are more stable than without the use of a compressor and central oxygen.From these results, the calibrator module has an error (value) that is still within the relative limits of the conclusion, which is ±5%. And also the design of this tool is portable and low cost and made for use in hospital establishments as maintenance of HFNC equipment.