All articles in this issue include authors from one universities in INDONESIA (Department of Medical Laboratory Technology Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya; Department of Medical Electronics Technology, Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya) and universities from other countries (Modibbo Adama University of Technology, NIGERIA; Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, BRUNEI DARUSSALAM; University of Douala Cameroon, CAMEROON; Anna University, INDIA; Bonab Islamic Azad university, Bonab, IRAN).